Catnip (Nepeta cataria) has long been known for its effect on feline behaviour, but in recent years it has gained increasing attention because of its active compound – nepetalactone. This naturally occurring bioactive substance gives the plant its distinctive aroma and plays an important role in its interaction with animals.

Understanding nepetalactone is essential for the responsible use of catnip for both dogs and cats.

What is nepetalactone?

Nepetalactone is a volatile organic compound that naturally forms in the leaves and flowers of catnip. It belongs to the group of iridoids and is responsible for the plant’s recognisable scent. In nature, it has a protective role, while in cats it acts primarily through the olfactory receptors.

It is important to note that nepetalactone is not a synthetic substance, but a naturally occurring compound whose effects depend on concentration, form of use and the individual animal.

How does nepetalactone affect cats?

In cats, nepetalactone works mainly through the sense of smell. When detected, it may trigger:

• increased interest and playfulness

• short-term euphoria

• relaxed behaviour

The effect is temporary and does not cause addiction or long-term behavioural changes. Sensitivity to nepetalactone also varies between individual cats – not all cats react in the same way.

Nepetalactone and dogs – gentle support for relaxation

Although catnip is traditionally associated with cats, research and practical experience show that nepetalactone can have a different, more calming effect in dogs. In low, natural concentrations it has been associated with:

• support for relaxation

• reduced response to stressful stimuli

• improved overall wellbeing

It is important to emphasise that nepetalactone is not sedative and does not cause drowsiness or lethargy. Its effect is gentle and supports the body’s natural stress-regulation mechanisms.

Why form and quantity matter

The effect of nepetalactone strongly depends on:

• the natural content within the plant

• drying and storage methods

• the form of use (whole plant, leaves only, natural extracts)

Safety and natural balance

When used correctly, nepetalactone is considered a safe natural compound. It does not accumulate in the body and does not cause dependency. Nevertheless, its use should always be:

• adapted to the animal species

• moderate

• part of a broader approach to wellbeing

Natural ingredients work best when used thoughtfully and without excess.

Why the origin of catnip matters

Not all catnip plants contain the same levels of nepetalactone. Content is influenced by:

• soil and climate (adequate sun exposure and well-drained soil)

• cultivation methods (hand harvesting and natural drying preserve the highest levels of essential oils)

• harvest timing (before full flowering, when the sun is highest in the sky)

Locally grown and carefully dried catnip has a more stable aromatic profile and a more predictable level of active compounds.

A natural compound that requires understanding

Nepetalactone is not a miracle cure, but a natural active compound that can, when used responsibly, contribute to the wellbeing of both dogs and cats. Its strength lies in gentleness rather than aggressive action.

Understanding, origin and responsible use are what separate truly high-quality natural products from passing trends.